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Most of us rally around the glory of the Allies' victory over the Nazis in World War II. The story is often told of how the good fight was won by an astonishing array of manpower and stunning tactics. However, what is often overlooked is how the intersection between Adolf Hitler's influential personality and his military strategy was critical in causing Germany to lose the war.
With an acute eye for detail and his use of clear prose, acclaimed military historian Bevin Alexander goes beyond counterfactual "What if?" history and explores for the first time just how close the Allies were to losing the war. Using beautifully detailed, newly designed maps, How Hitler Could Have Won World War II exquisitely illustrates the important battles and how certain key movements and mistakes by Germany were crucial in determining the war's outcome. Alexander's harrowing study shows how only minor tactical changes in Hitler's military approach could have changed the world we live in today.
How Hitler Could Have Won World War II untangles some of the war's most confounding strategic questions, such as:
Why didn't the Nazis concentrate their enormous military power on the only three beaches upon which the Allies could launch their attack into Europe?
Why did the terrifying German panzers, on the brink of driving the British army into the sea in May 1940, halt their advance and allow the British to regroup and evacuate at Dunkirk?
With the chance to cut off the Soviet lifeline of oil, and therefore any hope of Allied victory from the east, why did Hitler insist on dividing and weakening his army, which ultimately led to the horrible battle of Stalingrad?
Ultimately, Alexander probes deeply into the crucial intersection between Hitler's psyche and military strategy and how his paranoia fatally overwhelmed his acute political shrewdness to answer the most terrifying question: Just how close were the Nazis to victory?
Why did Hitler insist on terror bombing London in the late summer of 1940, when the German air force was on the verge of destroying all of the RAF sector stations, England's last defense?
With the opportunity to drive the British out of Egypt and the Suez Canal and occupy all of the Middle East, therefore opening a Nazi door to the vast oil resources of the region, why did Hitler fail to move in just a few panzer divisions to handle such an easy but crucial maneuver?
On the verge of a last monumental effort and concentration of German power to seize Moscow and end Stalin's grip over the Eastern front, why did the Nazis divert their strength to bring about the far less important surrender of Kiev, thereby destroying any chance of ever conquering the Soviets?
From the Hardcover edition.
- Sales Rank: #220170 in eBooks
- Published on: 2007-12-18
- Released on: 2007-12-18
- Format: Kindle eBook
- Dimensions: 1.59 pounds
Amazon.com Review
Adolf Hitler rose to political prominence by quickly identifying his opponents' weaknesses and turning them to his advantage. As a military leader, however, he rarely exercised the same talent for exploiting weak spots. Instead, he threw the bulk of his armies against his enemies' strongest positions, sacrificing much-needed forces at Stalingrad and Tobruk, among other places.
Had he done otherwise, writes Bevin Alexander, Hitler might well have carried the day. His strategy until mid-1940 had been flawless, Alexander argues: "He isolated and absorbed state after state in Europe, gained the Soviet Union as a willing ally, destroyed France's military power, threw the British off the Continent, and was left with only weak and vulnerable obstacles to an empire covering most of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East." After 1940, however, Hitler committed a legion of failures. Ignoring his field commanders' urging, he refused to commit armored divisions to seize the Suez Canal, which would have secured most of the Mediterranean and given the Third Reich easy access to oil. He diverted resources from the navy, allowing the Allies to gain control of the Atlantic Ocean and maintain nearly unbroken supply lines between the United States and Britain. And he weakened Germany's abilities to wage war by turning his armies' energies to carrying out the Final Solution. These and other miscalculations, Alexander suggests, cost the Reich many hard-won strategic advantages, and eventually any chance of victory.
Second-guessing history is an endeavor fraught with peril, and in any event, many historians have discounted the possibility that the Nazi regime could have emerged from global war undefeated. But Alexander's arguable exercise in counterfactuals soon gives way to a thoughtful, generally uncontroversial survey of the war in Europe, one that is of use to students of military history and tactics. --Gregory McNamee
From Publishers Weekly
Hitler's skills at spotting an opponent's weaknesses brought him an uninterrupted string of victories from the fall of Weimar in 1933 to the fall of France in 1940. Afterwards, argues Alexander (Robert E. Lee's Civil War), he began believing his own press clippings. Invading Russia became a recipe for defeat when Hitler insisted on simultaneously persecuting a population he could have won over and pursuing offensives without regard for the operational situation. Above all, Alexander continues, Hitler failed to see that Germany's way to victory led not through Moscow but through Cairo. Even a fraction of the resources squandered in Russia would have enabled Germany to create a Middle Eastern empire that would have forced the U.S.S.R. to remain neutral, marginalized Britain and kept the U.S. from projecting enough power across the Atlantic to invade the continent against an intact Wehrmacht. This is an often-rehashed, often refuted position. German scholars like Andreas Hillgruber and Gerhard Schreiber have successfully and painstakingly demonstrated that the Mediterranean was a strategic dead end, despite its seeming operational possibilities. As a counterpoint to Hitler's shortcomings as a war leader, Alexander offers the usual Wehrmacht heroesDRommel, Manstein, Guderian. In praising their operational achievements, however, he omits discussion of the generals' consistent collaboration with their f hrer in military matters, or about the absence of significant dissent throughout the war. Instead, Alexander accepts the generals' long-discredited argument that had Hitler been willing to listen to those who understood the craft of war, things might have been different. This one-sided perspective significantly limits the book's value to both specialists and general readers. (Dec. 5)
Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
Alexander's 10 errors are hard to count exactly, but they may be summed up thus: between summer 1940 and fall 1941, Hitler threw away an overwhelming strategic superiority. He failed to eliminate the British when they were weakest and then launched a costly frontal attack on Russia. After 1942, the war was all downhill for Germany, and Alexander devotes the second half of the book to detailed discussions of campaigns of which alternate outcomes could only have lessened the magnitude of the German defeat, not led to German victory. Alexander's considerable warmth toward Rommel (to the point of hero worship) and, to a lesser extent, toward Patton may perplex many who hope to read more about Hitler, and still, this clear, well-researched book that draws on material from both sides of the Allied-Axis divide is by no means a bad introduction to the strategic analysis of World War II. Roland Green
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Somewhat Misleading Title.
By Steven Daedalus
It's a well-written and cogently argued history of Hitler's military adventures in World War II, but you'd be disappointed if you expected something like a dozen chapters, each devoted clearly to one of his blunders. I sort of imagined: Chapter One, Hitler Didn't Invade Great Britain. Chapter Two, That Moron Invaded Russia. Chapter Three, The Numbskull Invaded Crete Instead of Malta. But it's not organized like that at all. Instead a reader will get an overall view of Hitler's aims, how he set about achieving them, and how and why they were frustrated by the Allies.
I suppose in some way it's accurate to say that more detail is given about some of the confrontations at the expense of others, but you get enough information on the various campaigns -- the men and equipment and strategies -- to satisfy most of us. I was happy to see so much space devoted to the North African campaign. It's usually neglected, for reasons I don't fully understand. And Bevin Alexander advances the proposition that, had Hitler handled Africa differently, there would have been no need for an invasion of Russia.
That's a pretty outrageous proposition but the book is full of them. There's a lot of conjecture going on. I'm not enough of a military historian to judge them but some seem to violate common sense. I'll give an example, though. If Hitler had kicked the British and Commonwealth forces out of Africa early on, which he was in a position to do, he would have had all of the Mediterranean Sea to himself, along with the oil supplies in the Middle East.
"Even more important, the Soviet Union's major oil fields were in the Caucasus and along the western shore of the Caspian Sea, just north of Iran. Germany could not only threaten an attack directly from Poland and Romania in the west but also from the south through the Caucasus to the Soviet oil fields. This danger of envelopment and quick loss of oil would immobilize Stalin, and obligate him to provide Germany with whatever grain and raw materials it might need. In other words, Germany -- without loss of a single soldier -- would have the benefits of the Soviet's vast material storehouse, as well as delivery of tin, rubber, and other goods from Southeast Asia by way of the TranSiberian Railway (pp. 50-51)."
Well, is that what Stalin would have done -- really?
Alexander skips quickly over one important error that has nothing to do with military strategy and everything to do with what's been called simplex thinking in psychology. Hitler had come to hate Jews and to regard Slavs as an inferior race, literally. But he made a simple logical mistake, one that most of us make from time to time. He lumped together everyone living within the borders of the Soviet Union. Instead of recognizing the diversity within the adversary, he was unable to see anything important in the way of differences. (Some of us are making the same error today when we talk about "Iran", as if it were some monolithic community in which everyone thinks alike.)
The fact is that Stalin was recognized by many in the Soviet bloc for the murdering egomaniac he was, especially in regions like the Ukraine, that in some ways thought of itself as an occupied territory. The Ukrainians applauded the appearance of German troops after Russia was invaded. But this meant nothing to Hitler. Rather than defining himself as a fake "liberator," which is what most modern invaders would do, he considered himself a conqueror and treated the population accordingly. Behind the front-line troops came the Einsatzgruppen. These were ordinary Germans, clerks and haberdashers, whose job was to exterminate Jews and other undesirables. Of those who were left, many were conscripted into labor details. Good conquerors, like good psychologists, don't make mistakes like that.
But then Hitler was full of misconceptions about the world he lived in. He persisted in maintaining them, ignoring any contradictory evidence, and finally lost the war. Alexander's book successfully outlines, in greater or lesser detail, how this might have been avoided.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Worth Reading But Not Great
By George E. Williams Jr
I enjoyed this book though I was a little disappointed after I finished it. The author tried to show how Hitler could have won the war but most of the time I felt that he fell short of the mark. The author kept repeating that the only reason Germany lost the war is because of Hitlers madness thoroughly discounting the efforts of the Allies, especially Sir Bernard Montgomery for the British and almost every American General except General Patton who he fawned over throughout he book.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Gives a good overview
By Naes
This is a good if simplistic book about the strategic mistakes Nazi Germany made during the war. It is not really intended for academic study. The author at times brushes off the contemporary logic of Hitler's moves and relies on hindsight as in "It was a bad move because it didn't work out." His analysis of the Battle of Britain is just off. Britain was in no real danger of invasion because of its massive naval superiority nor was it in real danger of losing air superiority in Southern England given that it could pull its squadrons north to rest and refit. More interesting are the possibilities of German expansion into the Middle East via Turkey which could have been a game changer. The author's view is that even as late as 1943, Germany could have still won a stalemate is an interesting hypothesis.
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